Storage<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\nIn the Storage section of our AWS Certified Data Engineer Associate (DEA-C01) exam cheat sheet, we focus on Amazon S3, S3 Select, Glacier, and EBS \u2013 key AWS storage services essential for data engineering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This section provides detailed insights into Amazon S3 for object storage, S3 Select for efficient data querying, Glacier for long-term archival, and EBS for block-level storage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Understanding the functionalities, use cases, and best practices of these services is crucial for the DEA-C01 exam, as they are fundamental in designing and implementing effective, scalable, and cost-efficient storage solutions in AWS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service):<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- S3 Overview<\/strong>: Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service) is an object storage service offering scalability, data availability, security, and performance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Buckets and Objects<\/strong>: S3 stores data as objects within buckets. A bucket is a container for objects stored in Amazon S3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- S3 Data Consistency Model<\/strong>: Amazon S3 offers strong read-after-write consistency for PUTS of new objects and eventual consistency for overwrite PUTS and DELETES.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Storage Classes<\/strong>: S3 offers a range of storage classes designed for different use cases, including S3 Standard, S3 Intelligent-Tiering, S3 Standard-IA (Infrequent Access), S3 One Zone-IA, and S3 Glacier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- S3 Glacier<\/strong>: S3 Glacier is a secure, durable, and low-cost storage class for data archiving. Retrieval times can range from minutes to hours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- S3 Select<\/strong>: This feature allows retrieval of only a subset of data from an object, using simple SQL expressions. S3 Select improves the performance of applications by retrieving only the needed data from an S3 object.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Versioning<\/strong>: S3 supports versioning, enabling multiple versions of an object to be stored in the same bucket.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Lifecycle Policies<\/strong>: Lifecycle policies automate moving your objects between different storage tiers and can be used to expire objects at the end of their lifecycles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Security and Encryption<\/strong>: S3 offers various encryption options for data at rest and in transit. It also integrates with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) for secure access control.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Performance Optimization<\/strong>: Techniques like multipart uploads, S3 Transfer Acceleration, and using byte-range fetches can optimize the performance of S3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Data Replication<\/strong>: S3 offers cross-region replication (CRR) and same-region replication (SRR) for replicating objects across buckets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Event Notifications<\/strong>: S3 can send notifications when specified events happen in a bucket, which can trigger workflows, alerts, or other processing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Access Management<\/strong>: S3 provides various mechanisms for managing access, including bucket policies, ACLs (Access Control Lists), and Query String Authentication.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- S3 Analytics and Monitoring<\/strong>: Integration with Amazon CloudWatch and S3 Storage Class Analysis tools help monitor and analyze storage usage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- S3 Pricing<\/strong>: Costs are based on storage used, number of requests, data transfer, and additional features like S3 Select and Glacier retrieval.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store):<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n- EBS Overview<\/strong>: Amazon EBS provides block-level storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances. EBS volumes are highly available and reliable storage volumes that can be attached to any running instance in the same Availability Zone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Volume Types<\/strong>: EBS offers different types of volumes for different needs, such as General Purpose (SSD), Provisioned IOPS (SSD), and Magnetic. Each type has distinct performance characteristics and cost implications.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Data Durability and Availability<\/strong>: EBS volumes are designed for high durability, protecting against failures by replicating within the same Availability Zone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Snapshots<\/strong>: EBS allows you to create snapshots (backups) of volumes, which are stored in Amazon S3. Snapshots can be used for data recovery and creating new volumes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Encryption<\/strong>: EBS provides the ability to encrypt volumes and snapshots with AWS Key Management Service (KMS), ensuring data security.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Performance Metrics<\/strong>: Understanding EBS performance metrics like IOPS (Input\/Output Operations Per Second) and throughput is crucial for optimizing storage performance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Scalability and Flexibility<\/strong>: EBS volumes can be easily resized, and their performance can be changed depending on the workload requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- EBS-Optimized Instances<\/strong>: Certain EC2 instances are EBS-optimized, offering dedicated bandwidth for EBS volumes, which is essential for high-performance workloads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Lifecycle Management<\/strong>: Knowledge of EBS volume lifecycle, from creation to deletion, and how it impacts EC2 instances is important.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Cost Management<\/strong>: Understanding the pricing model of EBS, including volume types and snapshot storage costs, is crucial for cost-effective solutions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- Integration with EC2<\/strong>: EBS is tightly integrated with EC2, and knowledge of how they work together is essential for effective data engineering on AWS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n